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<title>mod_unixd - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_unixd</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Basic (required) security for Unix-family platforms.</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>unixd_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_unixd.c</td></tr></table>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#chrootdir">ChrootDir</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#group">Group</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#suexec">Suexec</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC support</a></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>

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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ChrootDir" id="ChrootDir">ChrootDir</a> <a name="chrootdir" id="chrootdir">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Directory for apache to run chroot(8) after startup.</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ChrootDir <var>/path/to/directory</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html">mod_unixd</a></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.2.10 and later</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive tells the server to <var>chroot(8)</var> to the
    specified directory after startup, but before accepting requests
    over the 'net.</p>
    <p>Note that running the server under chroot is not simple,
    and requires additional setup, particularly if you are running
    scripts such as CGI or PHP.  Please make sure you are properly
    familiar with the operation of chroot before attempting to use
    this feature.</p>

</div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Group" id="Group">Group</a> <a name="group" id="group">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Group under which the server will answer
requests</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Group <var>unix-group</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Group #-1</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>The <code class="directive">Group</code> directive sets the group under
    which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
    directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>. If
    you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change to the
    specified group, and will instead continue to run as the group of the
    original user. <var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>A group name</dt>
      <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd>

      <dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt>
      <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd>
    </dl>

    <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
      Group www-group
      </pre>
</div>

    <p>It is recommended that you set up a new group specifically for
    running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>,
    but this is not always possible or desirable.</p>

    <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
      <p>Don't set <code class="directive">Group</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#user">User</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
      you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
    </div>


<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Suexec" id="Suexec">Suexec</a> <a name="suexec" id="suexec">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable or disable the suEXEC feature</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Suexec On|Off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>On if suexec binary exists with proper owner and mode,
Off otherwise</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache httpd 2.3.9 and later</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>When On, startup will fail if the suexec binary doesn't exist
    or has an invalid owner or file mode.</p>
    <p>When Off, suEXEC will be disabled even if the suexec binary exists
    and has a valid owner and file mode.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="User" id="User">User</a> <a name="user" id="user">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The userid under which the server will answer
requests</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>User <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>User #-1</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>The <code class="directive">User</code> directive sets the user ID as
    which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
    directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>.
    If you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change
    to the lesser privileged user, and will instead continue to run as
    that original user. If you do start the server as <code>root</code>,
    then it is normal for the parent process to remain running as root.
    <var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>A username</dt>
      <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd>

      <dt># followed by a user number.</dt>
      <dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd>
    </dl>

    <p>The user should have no privileges that result in it being
    able to access files that are not intended to be visible to the
    outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able to
    execute code that is not meant for HTTP requests. It is
    recommended that you set up a new user and group specifically for
    running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, but
    this is not always desirable, since the <code>nobody</code> user
    can have other uses on the system.</p>

    <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
      <p>Don't set <code class="directive">User</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#group">Group</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
      you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
    </div>


<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></code></li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
</ul>
</div>
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</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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